pa ti in english的問題,透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列包括賽程、直播線上看和比分戰績懶人包

pa ti in english的問題,我們搜遍了碩博士論文和台灣出版的書籍,推薦Inglés en 100 días (COR)寫的 Inglés Express/ English Express 和劉師舜的 One Hundred and One Chinese Poems都 可以從中找到所需的評價。

這兩本書分別來自 和清華大學所出版 。

高雄醫學大學 熱帶醫學碩士學位學程 師健民所指導 丹尼爾的 俄羅斯遠東地區城市家飼犬外寄生硬蜱之蜱滋生病原體的分子檢測 (2021),提出pa ti in english關鍵因素是什麼,來自於俄羅斯。

而第二篇論文國防醫學院 生物化學研究所 黃世明所指導 簡郁心的 探討血管張力素II與耐克螺於人類肺癌細胞之影響 (2021),提出因為有 肺癌、耐克螺、血管張力素II的重點而找出了 pa ti in english的解答。

接下來讓我們看這些論文和書籍都說些什麼吧:

除了pa ti in english,大家也想知道這些:

Inglés Express/ English Express

為了解決pa ti in english的問題,作者Inglés en 100 días (COR) 這樣論述:

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odo para que aprendas ingl s de una forma acelerada y definitiva.Cada unidad est bellamente dise ada y organizada con criterios tem ticos. Las unidades de INGL S EXPRESS han sido cuidadosamente elaboradas y dise adas para que puedas asimilar el contenido de cada clase f cil y r pidamente. Hemos ten

ido en cuenta c digos de estilo, efectos pticos y ordenaci n de materias con criterios pedag gicos comprobados y empleados en las mejores escuelas de dise o del pa s. A qu esperas para empezar? Arranca velozmente y aprender s INGL S EXPRESSEl formato de este m todo de aprendizaje, a modo de cien u

nidades did cticas, est orientado hacia los hispanohablantes que desean aprender ingl s como lengua extranjera. Con ellas se pretende ayudarles a consolidar y desarrollar su nivel de competencia ling stica y comunicativa.Es un sistema pr ctico, centrado en un proceso funcional del idioma, y dirigi

do a que el lector consiga f cil y progresivamente ampliar sus conocimientos y usar con precisi n la lengua inglesa.Las unidades se presentan de una manera clara, mostr ndose muy atractivas al estudiante tanto visual como did cticamente. En ellas se recogen estructuras gramaticales, usos del idioma,

vocabulario y una secci n de ejercicios de autoevaluaci n.ENGLISH DESCRIPTIONAn accelerated course in 100 intensive classes. With Express English you'll speak English quickly Faster would be impossible Let us teach you English with Express English, the English class that will teach you English di

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rtably in your home, on the way to work, or in your free time, we give you everything to learn English quickly and definitively. Each unit is beautifully designed and organized with thematic criteria. The units in Express English have been carefully developed so that you can absorb the content from

each class quickly and easily. We have incorporated visual appeal and organization of contents as well as proven pedagogical methods used in the best design schools in the country. What are you waiting for? Get started quickly and learn Express English The format of this learning method, using 100

instructional units, is geared toward Spanish speakers who want to learn English as a foreign language. With these units, they can reinforce and develop their linguistic and communicative competence. This is a practical system, focused on the functional role of language, and targeted to help reade

rs easily and progressively deepen their knowledge and use of the English language. The units are presented clearly and attractively. In them, readers encounter grammatical structures, uses of the language, vocabulary, and a section of self-evaluation exercises.

俄羅斯遠東地區城市家飼犬外寄生硬蜱之蜱滋生病原體的分子檢測

為了解決pa ti in english的問題,作者丹尼爾 這樣論述:

研究背景: 蜱滋生感染症在俄羅斯遠東地區成為主要公衛考量,其中有關蜱媒介立克次體菌、疏螺旋體、邊蟲及艾立克體等致病原皆常被臨床醫師所忽略。而立克次體菌及其他病原體皆已存在於各種病媒蜱及鄉村地區之野生哺乳類動物,然而卻無任何研究探討這些致病原於城市環境之家飼動物狀況。研究目的: 本研究於2021年6月至8月自俄羅斯遠東地區之哈巴羅夫斯克市(Khabarovsk)進行家飼犬外寄生蜱隻採集,並依其形態特徵進行蜱種確認,並進行立克次體菌、伯氏疏螺旋體、血小板邊蟲及犬艾立克體等病原體在蜱隻之感染篩檢。研究方法: 本研究之蜱隻乃採集自哈巴羅夫斯克市三個地區之獸醫院,採集得之蜱隻依其形態學主要特徵於立體解

剖顯微鏡下確認蜱種。而每一蜱隻則使用核酸萃取試劑組(DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit)進行核酸(DNA)萃取,隨後運用巢式/半巢式聚合酶鏈反應技術(nested/seme-nested PCR)分別針對立克次體菌之gltA/ompB/ompA/17kd基因、血小板邊蟲及犬艾立克體之16SrRNA及伯氏疏螺旋體之OspA and 5S-23S intergenic spacer基因進行蜱隻之感染篩檢。而陽性樣本則進一步送定序。研究結果: 總計有140蜱隻採集自24隻家飼犬,並確認三屬四種株之硬蜱,包括11隻 (7.9%) 全溝硬蜱(Ixodes persulcatus)、62隻

(44.3%) 嗜群血蜱(Haemaphysalis concinna) 、10 隻(7.1%) 日本血蜱(Haemaphysalis japonica) 、55隻 (39.3%) 森林革蜱(Dermacentor silvarum)及2隻 (1.4%) 破損無法確認蜱種。其中包括66 隻(47.2%) 雄蜱、70 隻(50.0%) 雌蜱、3 隻(2.1%) 稚蜱及1隻 (0.7%)因蜱體破損而無法確認。經立克次體菌基因篩檢後發現共有32隻(22.8%)蜱感染立克次體菌,其中包括12隻(8.6%)嗜群血蜱(H. concinna)、9 隻(6.4%) 全溝硬蜱(I. persulcatus)

、 8隻 (5.7%) 森林革蜱(D. silvarum)及 3隻 (2.1%) 日本血蜱(H. japonica)。而全部陽性感染樣本則包含10 隻(7.1%) 雄蜱及22隻 (15.7%)雌蜱,並沒有任何稚蜱檢測到Rickettsia感染。依據定序結果顯示陽性樣本分別與Rickettsia heilongjiangensis 或 Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae兩基因種株具有100%基因相似度,無任何樣本檢測到疏螺旋體、邊蟲及艾立克體感染。討論: 本研究結果確認所有曾發現於俄羅斯遠東地區之蜱種,並以嗜群血蜱(H. concinna)為主要蜱種,而四種蜱

種皆可檢測到立克次體菌感染,整體陽性率與鄰近國家(例如:中國及南韓)相似,因此,本研究首次確認俄羅斯遠東地區城市犬類宿主之外寄生硬蜱存在感染R. heilongjiangensis 及 Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae兩種立克次體菌之基因種株。

One Hundred and One Chinese Poems

為了解決pa ti in english的問題,作者劉師舜 這樣論述:

  THE TRANSLATOR, Mr S. S. Liu, who has combined several conspicuous careers in one lifetime, has selected for this Anthology of Chinese Poetry, 101 poems from 47 poets, beginning with Fu Hsuan, in the third century, down to Jennings Wong, in the twentieth. This is a parallel text edition with the C

hinese originals on the left-hand page facing the English translations on the right-hand. Concordances to the works of 38 other English translators are given in the Appendix.   Mr John Cairncross, a distinguished poet and skilful translator, who contributed a further seven translations to Professor

Liu’s, says in his Foreword.   ‘All translators of poetry, it has often been observed, are expected to combine the conflicting desiderata of fidelity and beauty. But the task of the writer who sets out to English the Chinese poets is even more exacting. He must not only produce a work of art in his

own language but also devise means of giving his Chinese version a specifically Chinese touch....At first blush, the challenge seems impossible. Yet Mr Shih Shun Liu's book demonstrates that attention to rhythm and euphony need not exclude faithfulness to the Chinese nor a specifically Chinese atmos

phere.’ 作者簡介 劉師舜   1900年出生於湖南湘鄉,十二歲時進入清華園,修業八年,二十歲 (1920)赴美,在五年時間內,以優異成績先後在約翰。霍普金斯大學,密西根大學,哈佛大學,和哥倫比亞大學獲得學士,碩士和博士學位。隨即回國在母校擔任教職,1926年赴南京開始了他的外交生涯,1942年被任命為國民政府首任駐加拿大公使,一年後又被任命為首任駐加拿大全權大使, 在任期內,廢除了兩國之間的不平等條約。隨後被任命為駐聯合國和墨西哥的大使職,到1956年辭職後脫離政壇,在二十多年的退休生涯中,潛心于翻譯工作,先後將《唐宋八大家文選》、《中詩選輯》、《中詩續輯》,諷刺小說《二十年目睹怪現狀

》,陳立夫的《四書道貫》,以及《四書》等譯成英文,並撰寫了《出使加拿大回憶》。後人曾讚譽他是清華學人中典型的政學雙棲者。他於1996年病逝世於美國加州庫勃狄諾鎮。   About the Translator   In 1900,Liu Shih-shun was born in Xiang-xiang, Hunan, and was admitted to Qinghua College at the age of 12 where he studied for eight years. He went to the United States by the age of 20 in 19

20, and obtained a Bachelor, Masters, and Doctorate degree within five years, at John Hopkins University Michigan University, Harvard University and Columbia University respectively. He returned to China as soon as he completed his studies in 1925, and took up a teaching position at his alma mater.

But by 1926, he began his diplomatic career in Nanjing, and in 1942, Dr.Liu was appointed the First Minister-Chancellor representing the Republic of China in Canada. A year later he was formerly appointed as the Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador to Canada for China, and during his term, h

e abolished the Unequal Treaty with Canada. Dr.Liu was later appointed as Ambassador to the United Nations and eventually to Mexico where he served his final posting in 1956. Over the 20-year course of his post-diplomatic life, he dedicated his time to the translations of the Chinese Classics, inclu

ding the “Chinese Classical Prose – The Eight Masters of the T’ang-Sung Period”; “One Hundred and One Chinese Poems”; “One Hundred and One More Chinese Poems”; the sarcastic novel “Vignettes from the Late Ch’ing”; “The Confucian Way” by Chen Li-fu; and “English Translation of the Four Books”. He als

o wrote, in Chinese, “Memoirs of an Ambassador to Canada”. Scholars and politicians alike later praised him as a true dual model of a Qinghua politician and scholar. Dr.Liu passed away of natural causes in Cupertino,California, United States, in 1996. Introductory  Edmund Blunden  xiiBiographical N

ote  xviForeword John Cairncross  xviiPreface The Translator  xxiAcknowledgments  xxxiOne Hundred and One Chinese Poems with Englishtranslations on opposite pages 2Seven Chinese Poems with English translations byJohn Cairncross  133APPENDICESBibliography  139Concordance Tablesa To other English tran

slations  149b From other English translations to the 101 Poems  162Index to Titles  171List of the Poets in Alphabetical Order 176 1雜 詩傅 玄Tsa-shih 22讀山海經 陶 潛Tu Shan-hai ching 43移 居I-chU 64歸田園居 Kuei t’ien-yUan chU 85遊斜川 Yu Hsieh-ch’uan  106雜 詩沈佺期Tsa-shih  127春 曉孟浩然Ch’un-hsiao  128留別王維 Liu-pieh Wang

Wei  149宴梅道士山房 Yen Mei tao-shih shan-fang  1410歲暮歸南山 Sui-mu kuei Nan-shan  1611夏日南亭懷辛大Hsia-jih Nan-t’ing huai Hsin Ta  1612回鄉偶書賀知章Hui-hsiang ou-shu  1813怨情李 白YUan-ch’ing  1814秋浦歌 Ch’iu-p’u ke  1815下江陵 Hsia Chiang-ling 2016山中與幽人對酌 Shan-chung yU yu-jen tui-cho 2017靜夜思 Ching-yeh-ssu 2018自遣 Tz�-ch’ien 2

219春思 Ch’un-ssu 2220送孟浩然之廣陵Sung Meng Hao-jan chih Kuang-ling 2421烏夜啼 Wu yeh-t’i 24ONE HUNDRED AND ONE CHINESE POEMS xxxvThe Poets and Their PoemsFU HSUAN Page1 Sundry Thoughts 3T’AO CH’IEN, tzu YUAN-MING2 On Reading the ‘Shan-hai Ching’ 53 On Moving 74 Back to Farm and Garden 95 A Trip to Hsielz-ch’

uan 11SHEN CH’UAN-CH’I6 The Huang-lung Garrison  13MENG HAO-JAN7 Spring Dawn  138 Farewell to Wang Wei  159 Dining at Taoist Priest Mei’s Hermitage  1510 Back to the Chung-nan Mountain 1711 At the South Pavilion on a Summer DayThinking of Hsin the First 17HO CHIH-CHANG12 The Return Home  19LI PO13 A

Lament  1914 The Ch’iu-p’u Song  1915 Sailing down to Chiang-ling  2116 Drinking with a Hermit in the Mountain  2117 Thoughts on a Quiet Night  2118 Relaxing 2319 Spring Thoughts  2320 Seeing Meng Hao-jan offfor Kuang-ling  2521 The Crow Cawing at Night  2522關山月 Kuan-shan yUeh 2623春日醉起言志 Ch’un-jih

tsui-ch’i yen-chih 2824月下獨酌 YUeh-hsia tu-cho 3025竹里館  王 維Chu-li-kuan 3026渭城曲 Wei-ch’eng Ch’U  3227送孟六歸襄陽 Sung Meng-lu kuei Hsiang-yang 3228山居秋暝 Shan-chuU ch’iu-ming 3429贈花卿 杜 甫Tseng Hua-ch’ing 3430絕句 ChUeh-chU 3631絕句 ChUeh-chU 3632月夜憶舍弟 YUeh-yeh i she-ti 3833書堂飲既夜復邀李尚書下馬月下賦絕句Shu-t’ang yin chi yeh fu

-yao Li Shang-shu hsia-maYUeh-hsia fu chUeh-chU 3834客至 K’e-chih 4035蜀相 Shu-hsiang 4036贈衛八處士 Tseng Wei-pa ch’u-shih 4237兵車行 Ping-chU hsing 4438賊退示官吏 元 結Tse-t’ui shih kuan-li 4839楓橋夜泊 張 繼Feng-ch’iao yeh-po 5040宿王昌齡隱居常 建Su Wang Ch’ang-ling yin-chU 5041春泛若耶溪綦毋潛Ch’un-fan Jo-yeh Ch’i  5242尋陸鴻漸不遇僧皎然HsUn Lu

Hung-chien pu-yU  52ONE HUNDRED AND ONE CHINESE POEMS xxxvii22 The Moon over the Mountain Pass  2723 Awaking on a Spring Day after Getting Drunk 2924 Drinking Alone under the Moon 29WANG WEI25 At the Bamboo Villa  3126 The Wei-ch’eng Song  3327 To Meng the Sixth on his Return to Hsiang-yang 3328 An

Autumn Night at a Mountain Villa  35TU FU29 To the Honourable Hua  3530 The End of Spring  3731 A Landscape  3732 Thinking of My Brothers and Sisters on aMoonlit Night 3933 Inviting Minister Li to Dismount and Keep onDrinking in the Moonlight 3934 A Guest Arrives  4135 The Prime Minister of Shu  41

36 To Wei the Eighth, a Retired Scholar 4337 Song of the War-chariots  45YUAN CHIEH38 To My Subordinates after the Rebels’ Surrender 49CHANG CHI39 Anchored at Maple Bridge  51CH’ANG CHIEN40 With Wang Ch’ang-ling at his Hermitage  51CH’I-WU CH’IEN41 Drifting on the Jo-yeh Stream in Spring  53MONK CHI

AO-JAN42 Not Finding Lu Hung-chien at Horne  5343田家雜興 儲光羲T’ien-chia tsa-hsing  5444送□司直 郎士元Sung ChU Ssu-chih  5445彈琴 劉長卿T’an-ch’in  5646送李端 盧 綸Sung Li Tuan  5647江村即事 司空曙Chiang-ts’un chi-shih  5648喜外弟盧綸見宿Hsi wai-ti Lu Lun chien-su 5849賊平後送人北歸Tse p’ing-hou sung-jen pei-kuei 5850逢入京使 岑 參Feng ju-ching s

hih 6051山房春事 Shan-fang ch’un-shih 6052閨怨 王昌齡Kuei-yUan 6053涼州詞 王 翰Liang-chou tz’u 6254秋夜寄邱員外 韋應物Ch’iu-yeh chi Ch’iu YUan-wai 6255夕次盱眙縣 His-tz’ u HsU-i Hsien 6456淮上喜會梁川故人Huai-shang his-hui Liang-ch’uan ku-jen 6457賦得暮雨送李曹 Fu-te mu-yU sung Li Ts’ao 6658幽居 Yu-chU 66ONE HUNDRED AND ONE CHINESE POEMS xxxix

CH’U KUANG-HSI43 The Farmer’s Sundry Pleasures  55LANG SHIH-YUAN44 To Ssu-chih ChU on his Departure  55LIU CH’ANG-CH’ING45 Playing the Lyre  57LU LUN46 Seeing Li Tuan off  57SSU-K’UNG SHU47 The River Village  5748 Pleased with the Overnight Visit of CousinLu Lun  5949 Farewell to a Friend on his Dep

arture Northafter the Rebels’ Defeat  59TS’EN SHEN50 Meeting a Courier bound for the Capital  6151 The Mountain Ruins in Spring  61WANG CH’ANG-LING52 A Woman’s Lament  61WANG HAN53 Song of Liang-chou 63WEI YING-WU54 To YUan-wai Ch’iu on an Autumn Night 6355 An Evening at HsU-i  6556 Happy Reunion wi

th an old Liang-ch’uanFriend on the Huai  6557 Seeing Li Ts’ao off in the Evening Rain  6758 In Retirement  6759喜見外弟又言別 李 益Hsi-chien wai-ti yu yen-pieh 6860夜上受降城聞笛Yeh-shang Shou-hsiang-ch’eng wen-ti 6861江雪 柳宗元Chiang-hsUeh  7062晨詣超師院讀禪經Ch’en-i Ch’ao-shih-yUan tu shan-ching  7063遊子吟 孟 郊Yu-tzu yin  726

4問劉十九 白居易Wen Liu Shih-chiu  7265春題湖上 Ch’un-t’i hu-shang  7466「望月有感聊書所懷」[Wang yUeh yu kan liao-shu so-huai]  7467燕詩示劉叟 Yen-shih shih Liu sou  7668放魚Fang-yU  7869紅線毯 Hung-hsien t’an 8070新豐折臂翁 Hsin-feng che-pei-weng 8271胡旋女 Hu-hsUan nU 8672放旅雁 Fang lU-yen 8873琵琶行 P’i-pa hsing 9074聞白樂天左降江州司馬 元 稹Wen Po L

o-t’ien tso-chiang Chiang-chou ssu-ma 9875遣悲懷 Ch’ien Pei-huai 9876飲酒看牡丹 劉禹錫Yin-chiu k’an mu-tan  10277自朗州至京戲贈看花諸君子Tzu Lang-chou chih Ching his-tseng k’an-hua chuchUn-tzu  102ONE HUNDRED AND ONE CHINESE POEMS xliLI YI59 A Happy, Brief Reunion with My Cousin 6960 Hearing Fluta Music on the City Wall a

t Night 69LIU TSUNG-YUAN61 Snowfall on the River 7162 The Morning Reading of the Buddhist Scriptures atCh’ao Monastery 71MENG CHIAO63 The Roving Son  73PO CHU-I64 A Query to Liu the Nineteenth  7365 The West Lake in Spring  7566 [Thinking of My Brothers and Sisters]  7567 Poem on Swallows written fo

r Old Man Liu  7768 Releasing a Pair of Fish  7969 The Red-Yarn Rug  8170 The Old Man from Hsin-feng with the Broken Arm 8371 The Spin-dance Girl  8772 Releasing a Migrant Wild Goose 8973 The Lute Song  91YUAN CHEN74Hearing of Po ChU-i’s demotion as Ss-ma ofChiang-chou 9975 Some Sad Thoughts 99LIU Y

U-HSI76 Watching the Peonies while Drinking  10377 Written after Reaching the Capital from Lang-choufor the Fun of those Viewing the Flowers  10378再遊玄都觀 Tsai-yu HsUan-tu Kuan  10279清明 杜 牧Ch’ing-ming  10480泊秦淮 Po Ch’in-huai  10481登樂遊原 李商隱Teng Le-yu-yUan  10682為有 Wei-yu  10683江樓書懷 趙 嘏Chiang-lou shu-hu

ai  10684尋西山隱者不遇 邱 為HsUn His-shan yin-che pu-yU  10885灞上秋居 馬 戴Pa-shang ch’iu-chU 11086孤雁 崔 塗Ku-yen 11087三月晦日送客 崔 魯San-yUeh hui-jih sung-k’e  11288答人 太上隱者Ta-jen  11289春怨 金昌緒Ch’un-yUan  11290元日 王安石YUan-jih 11491春日偶成 程 顥Ch’un-jih ou-ch’eng 11492西湖 蘇 軾His-hu 114ONE HUNDRED AND ONE CHINESE POEMS xliii78

Revisiting the Hsuan-tu Shrine  103TU MU79 Ch’ing-ming 10580 Anchored on the Ch’in-huai 105LI SHANG-YIN81 Ascending the Lo-yu Plateau 10782 The Screen 107CHAO KU83 Thoughts at the River Tower 107CH’IU WEI84 Not Finding My Hermit Friend at Home in theWestern Hills  109MA TAI85 An Autumn Resident on t

he Pa  111TS’UI T’U86 The Solitary Wild Goose  111TS’UI LU87 Farewell to a Guest on the Last Day of the ThirdMoon  113AN ANCIENT HERMIT88 In Reply to an Inquirer  113CHIN CH’ANG-HSU89 The Spring Lament  113WANG AN-SHIH90 New Year’s Day  115CH’ENG HAO91 Idle Thoughts on a Spring Day  115SU SHIH, hao

TUNG-P’O92 The West Lake  115xliv 中 詩 選 輯93示兒 陸 游Shih-erh 11694夏日田園雜興 范成大Hsia-jih t’ien-yUan tsa-hsing 11695雪梅 盧梅坡HsUeh-mei 11896寒夜 杜小山Han-yeh  12097鄉村四月 翁 卷Hsiang-ts’un ssu-yUeh  12098傷春 楊 簡Shang-ch’un  12099治家格言 朱柏廬Chin-chia ke-yen 122100湯山溫泉入浴熊希齡T’ang-shan wen-ch’Uan ju-yU  130101虞美人 王邁群YU Mei-je

n  130ONE HUNDRED AND ONE CHINESE POEMSLU YU93 A Testament  117FAN CH’ENG-TA94 Summer Fun on the Farm  117LU MEI-P’O95 Plum Blossoms and Snow 119TU HSIAO-SHAN96 On a Cold Night  121WENG CHUAN97 The Month of May in the Country  121YANG CHIEN98 Lamenting the End of Spring  121CHU PO-LU99 Aphorisms on

Running a House 123HSIUNG HSI-LING100 At the T’ang-shan Hot Springs  131JENNINGS WONG101 Reminiscence  131 補篇C1賦得自君之出矣 張九齡Fu-te tzu-chUn chih-ch’u i 132C2春夜洛城聞笛 李 白Ch’un-yeh Lo-ch’eng wen-ti 132C3閑怨 孟 郊Hsien-yUan 134C4夜坐 白居易Yeh-tso 134C5宮詞 白居易Kung-tz’u 134C6視刀環歌 劉禹錫Shih tao-huan ke 136C7情 吳 融Ch’ing

136ONE HUNDRED AND ONE CHINESE POEMS xlviiSEVEN TRANSLATIONS BY JOHN CAINCROSSCHANG CHIU-LING (673-740)C1 Since You Went Away 133LI POC2 On Hearing the Flute in Loyang on a SpringNight (Adaptation) 133MENG CHIAOC3 A Woman’s Unruffl ed Complaint 135PO CHU-IC4 Sitting in the Night 135C5 Palace Song 13

5LIU YU-HSIC6 Looking at the Ring of the Sabre 137WU JUNG (9th Century)C7 Love 137

探討血管張力素II與耐克螺於人類肺癌細胞之影響

為了解決pa ti in english的問題,作者簡郁心 這樣論述:

在台灣十大死因的第一名就是癌症,根據2021年台灣衛生福利部的統計資料,肺癌是所有癌症中死亡率最高的癌症,因此如何防治肺癌或降低肺癌死亡率成為很重要的課題。耐克螺(Niclosamide)原本是作為殺死軟體動物的藥劑,而後被發現可用於治療絛蟲感染,故成為FDA認可之抗絛蟲藥物。近期研究發現耐克螺除可能有臨床治療或預防癌症進展的潛力外,在Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)受體相關SARS-CoV-2的感染症也有抵抗病毒的療效。在腎素-血管收縮素-醛固酮系統(renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,RAAS)中透過ACE

2水解Angiotensin II (Ang II)作為一個調節急性肺損傷和心血管疾病的潛力標靶。在文獻中,雖然Ang II對於癌細胞的影響與機轉仍未定論,但是過度表現的Ang II受體可能會造成肺細胞的死亡。針對耐克螺在肺癌細胞上如何造成抑癌進而抗癌之作用機轉所知仍然有限,且其和RAAS中的Ang II間是否有交互作用也缺乏直接探討。因此,本論文提出一個假設,合併使用Ang II可以增加耐克螺的抑癌效果,而其可能機轉為阻礙癌細胞的細胞週期、增加細胞內ROS、進而改變細胞內鈣離子的濃度來達到其療效。實驗結果發現,耐克螺確實具有阻礙癌細胞的細胞週期、增加細胞質及粒線體ROS和誘導細胞凋亡,且高濃

度的Ang II中可能也有同樣的抑癌效果,因此更進一步分析Ang II對於耐克螺功效之影響,實驗結果顯示:在兩者合併使用的情況下,對正常細胞具有協同作用,卻對癌細胞產生拮抗作用,減少其原本對於細胞週期、ROS生成之影響,但其詳細作用機轉仍需進一步實驗設計來驗證。