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具熱響應之聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)/瓊脂糖互穿式水凝膠的特性與應用

為了解決Giant Propel 2020的問題，作者吳俊諺 這樣論述：

自1956年來聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)在生醫領域的研究不斷地推陳出新，其受溫度刺激響應的特性也使對它的應用與研究跨足了其它如物理學、環境科學、能源等領域，聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)是屬於一種具有可逆體積相變過程的材料，因為其結構上的功能性官能基團會受溫度高低而選擇與水分子或自身產生氫鍵，由此達到親疏水性轉換與發生體積相變。為了提高應用性，先前的研究將其合成互穿式高分子網路的水凝膠，同時保有溫敏性與加強機械性質或增加其他的響應模式。本研究開發出兩種不同型式的水凝膠，一種是用浸潤法使聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)分子擴散進瓊脂糖的網路基底形成半互穿式高分子網路，另一種是採用紫外線誘導共聚合法合成出聚(N

-異丙基丙烯醯胺-co-聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)與瓊脂糖的互穿式高分子網路水凝膠，兩種水凝膠都是將瓊脂糖與聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)做結合，來開拓與以往不同的研究方向。在本研究中主要分為兩個部分，第一部分為研究了瓊脂糖基底的聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)互穿式高分子網路水凝膠的性質，發現當聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)會改變瓊脂糖水凝膠的溶脹特性，比起純的瓊脂糖水凝膠在溶脹平衡時可以保有更多水分。另外，聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)也會改變透射度與機械性質，並且可以用溫度去操控其變化，我們提出了一個模型去解釋這個獨特的現象，當聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)進入水凝膠網路時會因為氫鍵膠護作用而與瓊脂糖支架結合，加強其結構

並使折射率匹配，造成有較大的彈性模數與透射度變化，但當溫度高於聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)的濁點時，聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯胺)會改變成與自身或同類分子產生氫鍵，進而改變自身的折射率，而與此同時因為與瓊脂糖網路分離，進而造成機械性質改變。第二部分為基於前一部分觀測的性質，設計三種不同的加熱方式與應用。第一種應用是基於通過溫度變化可逆地切換機械性能，以通過圖案化加熱系統生產具有不同局部機械強度的材料。第二種應用是智慧隔熱窗戶，它包含了一個可調節透射率的內層，其受紅外線加熱到相變溫度就會自動關閉，使室內不會接收過多的紅外線而升溫。第三種應用則是在水凝膠的表面輸送膠體粒子，當水凝膠表面的聚(N-異丙基丙烯醯

胺)分子相變時會將水分排出，故可利用紅外雷射掃描加熱水凝膠表面產生不對稱的流場，發現半互穿式高分子網路水凝膠與互穿式高分子網路水凝膠的產生的流場模式不同。並利用這種不對稱流場加以設計雷射掃描路徑製造出可以排開、聚集與單向輸送膠體粒子的表面流場，最後將材料做成微流道的基底，測試此材料輸送粒子的在微流道中的可行性。

經由自駕、車聯與智能移動帶來汽車產業的轉型--一家中國汽車公司的實地研究

為了解決Giant Propel 2020的問題，作者饒德紹 這樣論述：

Big technological and social trends, as well as new entrants in form of large ICT companies and mobility providers, are affecting the automotive industry and the companies within. China is eager to play a big part in a new automotive industry to transform its economy. To emerge as a winner, compani

es need to analyze the transition and find sustainable business models in the relevant countries.Within the automotive industry, the backbone companies in form of the system suppliers are impacted as well. From the midst of car manufacturers and smaller suppliers, they need to identify innovative so

lutions to offer core technologies. In-Vehicle Sensing will be such a key technology, by not just enabling new value streams, but also creating an innovative and sustainable pillar within a new automotive industry.This thesis presents and analyzes the business field of In-Vehicle Sensing for the Chi

nese market in the context of the automotive industry’s change. This is conducted on the example of a multinational automotive system supplier, which is active in the Chinese market in form of two business entities and market leader in terms of world-wide sales. Through insights from literature rese

arch, own analysis and expert interviews, suggestions for future measures are made. These findings offer contribution to improve the understanding of the Chinese market environment and successfully introduce innovative In-Vehicle Sensing (IVS) products, enhancing competitiveness.Information was gath

ered through the utilization of classic literature, websites, company resources and further media. To receive structured insights, the information was subsequently analyzed within an individual research framework and the help of the introduced scientific tools. Statements, opinions and explanations

were gathered from semi-structured interviews with global and domestic experts from multiple business areas relevant to the technology within the case company. Those could also contribute strengths and weaknesses of the company for further analysis and exemplary strategic suggestions.The work identi

fied automation, digitalization and smart mobility as critical elements of the automotive industry’s transition, causing high turbulence and uncertainty, including challenges in form of liability issues, data security, privacy and ownership. China is thereby the leading market with the largest poten

tial. Development plans and initiatives accelerate and nurture the transformation of China into a provider of critical and innovative high-tech technologies and services for the automotive industry. High cultural acceptance and demand for innovational products serve as a catalyst. IVS technology is

one of the promising new technology developments, as it will further improve security demands and is in high mutual interference with the above elements, enabling semi-automated driving and use cases for the connected car and smart mobility. IVS products will come mainly in form of driver monitoring

systems in short-term, occupant monitoring systems and further systems monitoring the cabin itself in mid- and long-term. The work identified the special importance of camera-based systems from a technical point of view and through synergies through the extensive expansion of surveillance technolog

y in China. Consequently, suppliers of competences in this field have increased bargaining power. Together with the identification of a high buyer power, high threat of new entrants and high extent of competitive rivalry, the attractiveness for the business field is low. However, in the long-term it

can serve as a strategic element to transform the company and enable the development of above mentioned sustainable new business models. Even though the technology is not beyond introduction phase, many competitors can be observed, trying to focus on different application areas to gain competitive

advantage. Security applications could be identified as most important,but possibly obligatory, as competitors will offer these as well. Entertainment and comfort functionality, especially in form of face identification and health monitoring, are found to be important application areas for the Chine

se market, which fit the technological, political and environmental development of the country. Innovational strengths, time-to-market and localization were identified in this work as key factors for success. Major strengths of the case company were characterized through brand value, competence for

automotive systems, financial strength and established partnerships. Identified weaknesses were slowness, low flexibility, enforcement of principles and process orientation, besides the management of digital topics and competence in algorithms.The work concludes with the suggestions to further inves

t into IVS as strategic business area for the automotive industry. For being successful, the financial, brand and expertise strengths need to be used to secure volume potentials and a substantial share in the Chinese market. Sensor fusion and the great competence in whole systems should be used to c

reate a holistic system. Strategic partnerships or acquisitions must be made in the field of algorithm suppliers. The local organization should be further improved to offer localized products and meet the market demands fast.The thesis is original in its approach, as such a business field analysis f

or In-Vehicle Sensing was not conducted for the Chinese market before. Although the tools are well known and often used, they were never applied at the Case Company for this cause.