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Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant During Virus Entry

為了解決Common business Engl的問題，作者Esther Ngwira 這樣論述：

Up to date SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has five major variants spreading across the world’s population. The Delta (B.1.617.2) variant is a mutant of lineage B.1.617. It was discovered for the first time in India in late 2020 and on May 31, 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) i

dentified it as Delta variant. Compared to the Wild-type variant, diverse studies have shown that infected samples with the Delta variant are more transmissible than alpha, beta and gamma variants and have larger viral loads. In this study, we investigate the mechanism contributing to high transmiss

ion of B.1.617.2 variant by checking its infectivity compared to wild-type in human embryonic kidney cells containing ACE2 (293T-ACE2) and a cell culture line composed of fibroblasts from the lung tissue of an aborted male fetus containing ACE2 (MRC5- ACE2). Here we show that Delta variant has highe

r infectivity and higher fusogenic activity. Moreover, we demonstrate that Delta variant has more cleaved spike and that furin might play a role in the cleavage of Delta spike. Furthermore, we found that Delta variant uses both the endocytosis and TMPRSS2 pathway to enter into the cells. Taken toget

her, our study suggests that Delta variant has enhanced spike cleavage and make it easily fuse with host plasma membrane to facilitate virus entry.

藥局調製研究的全球科學趨勢：文獻計量可視化研究

為了解決Common business Engl的問題，作者陳世璋 這樣論述：

調製(Compounding)是藥局執行業務的基本組成，今天已成為一個快速增長的領域，各種實務中的許多藥師作業正在涉及調製無菌和非無菌製劑。新開發的劑型和治療方法建議藥物和相關藥物的專門針對個別患者的產品調配，未來的幾年中將變得越來越普遍。本研究的目的是以索引的出版物從1948-2020年收錄在Scopus計有1,014篇，以文獻計量方法及可視化分析調劑藥局研究的現狀和趨勢，這將為未來的研究提供新的思路趨勢並幫助研究人員預測研究。本研究網路分析是包括對共現與作者關鍵字聚類分析與連接關連度強度、作者與被共引聚類分析與總鏈強度、來源與共引聚類分析與引文強度、書目耦合與來源聚類分析與引文強度。結果

顯示出美國是居領導整個compounding pharmacy研究發展的國家，發表期刊機構及文獻數量以International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding機構居首位。關鍵詞以clonidine, dissolution, drug compounding, drug therapy, guidelines, medication error, pediatrics, regulation, toxicity總鏈強度最高。被引用強度以American journal of health-system pharmacy最高等。結論指出作者以Alle

n, Loyd Vernon(University of Oklahoma, United States)發表文獻最多，以主題Extemporaneous drug formulations,被引用最多，主要是探討當需要對嬰兒和兒童以及選定的其他人群給藥時，獲得特殊劑型的藥物至關重要。這些藥物可以臨時製備，以供個別患者使用。並評估使用機器人(APOTECAchemo)是否可以安全地實現，將細胞抑製藥物與機器人進行自動複合符合GMP的要求。全球政府針對COVID-19疫情正在放寬藥品立法，並擴大社區藥局服務，其目標是改善獲得必要醫療保健服務和藥品的機會，社區藥局的調製研究與發展將亦顯得其重要與迫

切性。