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Energy expenditure during a resistance training exercise in the healthy population

為了解決JD sport kr的問題，作者MUHAMMAD ADEEL 這樣論述：

Background: Energy expenditure (EE) during resistance or strength training (RT/ST) exercise produces great fitness and health benefits for humans, but limited studies have investigated EE directly during resistance exercises. EE through metabolic equivalent (MET) and oxygen consumption (VO2) estima

tion during resistance workouts in humans can be modeled by using cardiorespiratory parameters and surface electromyography (sEMG) of local muscles.Objective: To determine energy cost during three resistance workouts comprising three exercises in stage 1. And to estimate energy cost during six resis

tance workouts consisting of three different exercises from cardiorespiratory parametersand sEMG of body muscles during stage 2.Methods: During stage 1, ten participants were enrolled into two groups: an untrained (n = 5, with no weight training experience) and a trained group (n = 5, with 2 months’

weight training experience). Each participant completed three training sessions on separate days. While wearing a mask for indirect calorimetric measurements, each participant completed training sessions carried out with three dumbbell exercises: bent-over row (BOR), deadlift (DL), and lunge (Lg).

METs, EE, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP), and Borg rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. During stage 2, eleven participants were recruited into two groups; an untrained (n = 5) and a trained group (n = 6) and they compl

eted six training sessions. The three types of dumbbell exercises performed are shoulder press, deadlift, and squat. The METs, RER, HR, SBP, DBP, blood lactate (BL), RPE, and sEMG of both sidesmiddle deltoid, lumbar erector spinae, quadriceps, and hamstring were measured. The MET from cardiorespirat

ory parameters and VO2 from the sEMG root mean square (RMS) of the investigated muscles were predicted using generalized estimating equations (GEE) for repeated measure data collected during exercise and rest periods.Results: During stage 1, the total cost of energy was derived from VO2 during each

exercise. Our results presented that the METs of a single training workout were 3.3 kcal for the untrained and 3.4 kcal for the trained groups, whereas the total EE was 683~688 kcal and 779~840 kcal, respectively. The respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.010*) for the three exercises differed considera

bly, while the heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and Borg rate of perceived exertion did not reach significant levels. During the stage 2 exercise period, RER, HR, SBP, and BL for the training group [quasi-likelihood under an independence model criterion] (QIC = 187, p = 0.0001***~0

.033*) while RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE (QIC = 48, p = 0.0001***~0.002*) during the resting period for untrained group significantly estimated MET for moderate-intensity resistance training exercises. The sEMG of untrained vs. trained groups significantly computed GEE (QIC = 344, p = 0.020* vs. QIC

= 867, p = 0.018*), respectively. The predicted models for the three types of exercises for the untrained vs. trained groups were shoulder press (QIC = 129, p = 0.009* vs. QIC = 116, p = 0.001**), deadlift (QIC = 164, p = 0.003* vs. QIC = 309, p = 0.016*), and squat (QIC = 67, p = 0.009* vs. QIC = 3

65, p = 0.031*),respectively.Conclusion: The stage 1 exercise protocol of this study involved a moderate-intensity exercise of 2.4~3.9 METs. The energy cost of each training exercise was between 179~291 kcal. It is also inferred that the cardiorespiratory variables are significantly related to MET.

During stage 2, RER and HR significantly estimated MET for two groups along with SBP and BL for the training group. While during the resting period, RER, HR, SBP, DBP, and RPE related significantly for untrained and BL for training groups respectively. The models significantly predicted for the thre

e types of exercises using the right and left middle deltoid, right and left lumbar erector spinae, left rectus femoris, and right and left biceps femoris sEMG RMS for the untrained and trained groups during moderate-intensity strength training exercises.

免縫結免導引器微創阿基里斯肌腱急性撕裂傷縫合-臨床個案系列研究及動物模型力學研究

為了解決JD sport kr的問題，作者柯伯彥 這樣論述：

阿基里斯肌腱斷裂容易發生在從事休閒運動的中年男性族群。目前阿基里斯肌腱手術縫合術式仍舊沒有共識。在過去已發表的文獻，我們可發現傳統開創手術、微創縫合，及經皮縫合這些手術方式各有其擁戴者。但近年來，為了減少傳統開創令人詬病的傷口併發症，已有數種微創手術方式發表於文獻，甚至商業化之微創縫合導引器械也應運而生。但即使在足踝外科醫師的努力下，微創縫合造成的腓神經損傷仍無法克服，其原因為當執行近端肌腱的經皮縫合時，無法辨認腓神經的位置，且腓神經於足跟以上大約七公分位置便會經過阿基里斯肌腱外側，穿針引線時便容易扎傷此處之腓神經，當腓神經受傷後，其臨床症狀為外踝及足部外側之持續麻木感。於是，我們發展了新的

微創縫合方式-無導引器無縫結微創縫合，可以避免腓神經損傷。且此種縫合方式簡易且不須額外的縫合導引器械。另外手術後可讓病患提早復健及返回工作崗位及運動生活。 於是，我們設計了一連串的實驗，主要目的有三個: (一) 評估阿基里斯肌腱斷裂的病患再經過無導引器無縫結微創縫合後在臨床上功能的恢復。(二) 以動物阿基里斯基健檢體力學模型，評估無導引器無縫結微創縫合與開創手術及模擬其他商業化導引器械之微創縫合在力學實驗表現的差異。(三) 以動物阿基里斯肌腱檢體力學模型，評估無導引器無縫結微創縫合與臨床上最常使用的開創縫合手術在力學實驗表現的差異。 結果顯示，在追蹤滿一年的臨床表現，病患在接受無導

引器無縫結微創手術後功能恢復良好，滿一年之美國骨科足踝學會之後足量表(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle–Hindfoot Scale)為滿分，平均術後45.5天可返回工作崗位，147.5天可回復受傷前運動水準，在力學上，我們以1Hz週期性拉伸測試來驗證力學強度，前250個週期為20-100牛頓，第二個250週期為20-190牛頓，最後250個週期為20-369牛頓，存活週期定義為張力迅速地滑落時所需之週期數，無導引器無縫結微創縫合和雙股柯氏縫合(two strand Krackow suture)及其他模擬商業化導引縫合結構的組

別包括艾思瑞斯經皮導引阿基里斯肌腱縫合系統(Arthrex Percutaneous Achilles Repair System®)、艾思瑞斯迅速橋接系統( Arthrex Speedbridge®)、阿基隆縫合系統 (Achillon suture jig®) 的比較，拉伸存活週期數分別為552.3 ± 72.8, 204.3 ± 33.3, 395.9 ± 96.0, 641.6 ± 48.7及 397.1 ± 80.9。其中事後比較顯示無導引器無縫結微創縫合及艾思瑞斯迅速橋接系統間無統計學顯著差異，但卻顯著優於其他三個組別(P